Major infrastructure and industrial projects depend on careful government planning and resources. However, Bulgaria’s government has been in flux since 2021, with six general elections in the last four years. Nevertheless, there have been some legislative developments that could stimulate private investment in the fields of utilities, transport, postal services, energy, and industrial manufacturing.

Serbia’s booming construction sector and ongoing infrastructure projects establish it as a vital economic hub in the region. In 2023, construction works valued at over EUR 5 billion contributed around 5.5% to the national GDP. The country’s strategic location and ambitious infrastructure plans have attracted significant foreign investment. With projects like highways, railways, and energy facilities underway, Serbia is strengthening its position as a critical economic connector in Southeast Europe.

The Macedonian legislature has amended multiple laws for the purpose of introducing special rules for facilities of strategic importance, which are highly significant for the development of the infrastructure. Pursuant to the latest amendments of the Law on Spatial Planning (LSP) and the Law on Construction (LC), both of which entered into force on May 30, 2023, the “facilities of strategic importance” category includes state roads, railway lines, backbone gas pipelines, and any other facilities of public interest that are built as strategic investment projects or projects of strategic national importance.

A summary of recent legislative developments in the fields of energy and natural resources in Ukraine.

In accordance with the Law on Charges on Usage of Public Goods (“Law“), the Government of the Republic of Serbia, in April 2024, adopted the Regulation on Criteria for Determining Activities that Impact the Environment and the Amounts of Fees (“Regulation“).

As of 1 August 2024, the maximum amount of the fine that can be imposed by the Hungarian Competition Authority (“HCA”) will increase from 13% to 15% during the state of war emergency.

In export-import trade transactions across Europe, sellers commonly protect their assets by retaining the title of ownership until the buyer has paid the full purchase price. Retention of title allows sellers to reclaim the assets in case of non-payment or the buyer’s bankruptcy before full payment. However, in Hungary, such an arrangement can present unexpected challenges for sellers.

On July 29, 2024, in the Official Gazette No. 32616, Türkiye’s International Direct Investment (‘‘IDI’’) Strategy for the period 2024-2028 was announced to the public. This strategy aims to move Turkey to a stronger position on the global investment map by setting Turkey’s goals and priorities in the field of international direct investments and targets to create a comprehensive support mechanism to reduce the obstacles faced by investors in Turkey and to provide solutions to their needs.

This March, MEPs approved new rules for artificial intelligence (AI), the so-called Artificial Intelligence Act. This was presented by the European Commission in April 2021. It is the world's first comprehensive AI legislation. The Act aims to improve the functioning of the internal market by setting a single legal framework for the development, launch and use of AI. The AI Act also seeks to reduce the administrative and financial burden on businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.

At its session held on June 6^th of this year, the Parliament of Montenegro adopted, as part of a set of seven so-called IBAR laws, a new Lobbying Act regulating the conditions and manner of conducting lobbying activities, rules, and other significant matters related to lobbying.

In response to the extensive destruction caused by Russia to Ukraine’s critical energy infrastructure, the Ukrainian government continues to implement emergency measures to restore energy-generating capacities and ensure energy stability across the country.

What do Panama, the Netherlands, Latvia, and Serbia have in common? A shipment of over 5,000 high-quality athletic sneakers travelled through these countries before being halted at customs over authenticity concerns.

Following the implementation of the first stage of the Competition Law reform, the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (AMC) unveiled a new Draft Law on 24 July 2024, marking the second stage of the reform. This draft aims to further align Ukrainian competition legislation with EU standards and refine certain previous changes.

To support the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing, on 26 June 2024, the Hungarian National Bank issued two new regulations, incorporating changes in domestic legislation, guidelines of the European Banking Authority and lessons learned from supervisory experience.

Since 1 July 2023, interest income has been subject to a 13% social contribution tax (‘szocho’) in addition to the 15% personal income tax (‘szja’). Originally this was only for the duration of the emergency caused by the armed conflict in Ukraine. However, a new act published in the Hungarian Official Gazette on 18 June 2024, changed the situation.

The Parliament of Albania has recently passed amendments to the Albanian Labour Code (“Code“), specifically regarding employee annual paid vacation entitlements.

The EU’s Al Act (Regulation 2024/1689) enters into force today, August 1, 2024. The groundbreaking Act is designed to ensure that AI systems are safe, transparent, and governed by rules that protect fundamental rights. The Act categorizes AI applications into risk-based tiers, with each tier subject to different levels of regulatory scrutiny and compliance requirements.

New regulations governing agreements to complete a job (in Czech: dohoda o provedení práce) came into effect in the Czech Republic on 1 July 2024, with additional provisions set to be implemented on 1 January 2025. These amendments significantly modify the original provisions outlined in the Czech Consolidation Package (Act No. 349/2023 Coll.).