The Polish Medical Devices Act of 7 April 2022 (the MDA) does not provide a definition of medical device advertising or criteria that could allow a clear assessment of whether an activity is advertising and what requirements it should meet.

In her keynote speech at the 2023 World Economic Forum in Davos, Ursula von der Leyen, EU Commission President, outlined yesterday the main pillars of the EU’s Green Deal Industrial Plan to boost Europe’s leadership in green technology on its road to carbon neutrality. “We know we have a small window to invest in clean tech and innovation to gain leadership before the fossil fuel economy becomes obsolete,” said von der Leyen.

Following the elections in April 2022, an independent ministry was created in Hungary to manage, control and regulate construction and investment activities. Shortly after meetings with the representatives of professional organizations were held to provide the basis for further legislative work on the preparation of a new framework law on the institutional, substantive and procedural rules governing public investment.

Recent amendments to the Employment Contracts Act modernized the organization of working time and on-call time. The category of an employee with independent decision-making capacity has been added.

After lengthy debates in the Parliament, the new Social Dialogue Law, i.e. Law no. 367/2022 was published in the Official Gazette no. 1238/2022 on December 22, 2022, the lawmakers opting to expressly repeal the “famous” Law no. 62/2011 with the entry into force of the new legislative framework, which is not at all surprising considering the many changes brought on by the new law.

Law 39/2023, which was published in Official Gazette No. 40/13.01.2023, contains important amendments to the Romanian Fiscal Code.

The Polish Medical Devices Act of 7 April 2022 (the MDA) imposes certain restrictions on the medical device advertising that is addressed to the general public. Such advertising activities must not be misleading (Article 7 of the MDR or the IVDR, and Article 55(3) of the MDA), but also must not:

The Law on the Amendment of the Law on Judges and Prosecutors and Certain Laws (“Law“) published in the Official Gazette dated 28 June 2022 and numbered 31880 made significant amendments to Notary Public Law No. 1512 and enabled public notaries to execute real estate sales contracts. 

In 2019, Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law (the "Directive") was adopted at the European Union level.

EU energy policy ensures the efficient functioning of the EU energy market and promotes the interconnection of energy networks and the efficient use of energy. It covers all energy sources, from fossil fuels to nuclear and renewables (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydro and tidal).

The EU regulations (Regulations 2017/745 on medical devices (the MDR) and 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (the IVDR)), introduced a prohibition of misleading advertising of medical devices.

Crucial amendments to the Hungarian Competition Act entered into force on 1 January 2023, while others will on 1 February 2023. This article briefly describes the most important changes.

In the Official Gazette no. 138/2022 from December 12, 2022, amendments to the Law on Property Taxes (“Law“) have been introduced.

With the Capital Markets Board Bulletin ["Bulletin"] numbered 2022/74 published by the Capital Markets Board ["CMB"] on December 30, 2022, the monetary amounts stipulated in the capital markets legislation regarding the public offering were increased.

"Repos and securities lending in Bulgaria are regarded as financial collateral, thus ensuring their enforceability. But some important contractual arrangements must be agreed upon by the parties wishing to avail themselves of such enforceability."

Communiqué on the Default Interest Rate to be applied for Late Payments and the Minimum Expense Amount that can be claimed for the Collection Costs of Receivables in the Supply of Goods and Services (the “Communiqué”) was published in the Official Gazette dated January 2, 2023 numbered 32061 and entered into force on January 1, 2023.

In the Official Gazette no. 138/2022 from December 12, 2022, amendments to the Law on Personal Income Tax (“Law“) have been introduced.

Disagreements between shareholders can be a healthy thing, leading to creative solutions through the reaching of compromises. Differences can involve issues as diverse as how a company should be managed and controlled, and the direction and strategy it is taking. However, if differences become entrenched, the result can be potential deadlock and the loss of the ability to make important decisions, which can be severely damaging to a company and its shareholders.